Showing posts with label hydrolysis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hydrolysis. Show all posts

Thursday, July 10, 2008

How to open a lactone?

1. MeOH/MeONa
forms methylester and free alcohol.

2. KOH/MeOH water
free acid and free alcohol.

Thursday, June 26, 2008

Nitrile to acid

hydrolysis of nitrile is very sensitive to the hinderance around the nitrile.

1. KOH in MeOH/water.
140C
2. KOH in ethylene glycol. or diethylene glycol.
200C or 250C.
3. KOH/H2O2/water/EtOH
100C, more reactive toward hindered nitrile.

4. HCl or H2SO4 in water or MeOH
strong acid needed. not compatible with ether, alkene.

5. DIBAlH then oxidation.
6. o-phthalic anhydride.
7. Microwave/ phthalic acid.
8. reductive removal of the nitrile by LidBB or LN, then trap the anion by CO2.